In parallel, the improvement of computational facilities makes it possible to study some physical processes (like convection) from first principles in hydrodynamical simulations. Since a couple of decades, large surveys (either dedicated to massive stars or wide enough to include a significant number of them) are starting to fill this gap and provide observational constraints that highlight the strengths and weaknesses of our massive stars models. However, as they are much rarer than low- or intermediate-mass stars, it has for a long time been impossible to have statistically significant observations of massive stars, and our understanding relied mainly on stellar models. Their intense luminosity makes them dominant contributors to the spectra of galaxies, and tracers of star formation in the early Universe. A, 918, 61–169.Massive stars are key drivers of the evolution of the Universe, through the chemical and kinetic imprint they impose on their surrounding. Vick, M., Michaud, G., Richer, J., Richard, O. Ventura, P., Di Criscienzo, M., D’Antona, F., Vesperini, E., Tailo, M., Dell’Agli, M., D’Ercole, A. P., Jasniewicz, G., de Laverny, P., Plez, B. Thévenin, F., Charbonnel, C., Pacheco, J., de Freitas, A., Idiart, T. Salaris, M., Serenelli, A., Weiss, A., Miller Bertolani, M. Sánchez-Blázquez, P., Marcolini, A., Gibson, B. J., Campbell S., Chieffi, A., Cunha, K., Smith V. 1982, Zeitschrift fur Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei, 305, 325. Recio-Blanco, A., de Laverny, P., Worley, C., Santos, N. 2006, Stars and Nuclei: A Tribute to Manuel Forestini, Eds T. We tend to propose a reaction network of a nuclear cycle namely carbon–nitrogen–oxygen–fluorine (CNOF) at evolved stellar condition since fluorine \((^\), edited by C. The proton-capture reactions are presently recognised in concert of the necessary candidates for that sort of observed behaviour in the second generation stars. The origin of the abundance pattern and also the (anti)correlation present among the elements found in stars of globular clusters (GCs) remains unimproved until date.
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